Category Archives: Africa

The Effectiveness of the Aluminium Foil ‘Drop Lining’ in WWII Wolseley Sun Helmets. A Simple Experiment.

Going through some of my Father’s WWII snap shots, there is one I find more evocative than the others, in which his ten man section is shown shortly after arrival in Egypt in June 1941 (see Figure 1).  They were part of ‘B’ Company, 1st Battalion, The Hampshire Regiment. A group of men which, with losses and additions, he was to fight with, almost continually until mid-1944 when he was seriously wounded during the Normandy Landings.

Figure 1. One ‘section’ of B Company, 1st Battalion, Hampshire Regiment, and some locals, shortly after the soldiers arrival in Egypt, 13 June 1941. Stanley Lewis Saunders (my Father) is marked with an ‘x’. According to my Father they were issued with the ‘pith’ helmets on arrival, but it was soon realized that in the prevailing mobile and fluid conditions the infantry had to have light weight and compact kit. Having two large rigid helmets, i.e. the Mk II steel helmet and a ‘Wolseley’ was impractical. So the Wolseley’s issue to foot soldiers was short lived and they were soon replaced by the slouch hat. It can just be made out that most have puggarees.

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The French Colonial “Pith” Helmet

While the sun/pith helmet originated in India, as we have noted the British were not alone in considering the importance of such headgear in tropical climates. By the end of the 1870s France had adopted its own version and it does seem that these were influenced, and perhaps even copied, from the British pattern. However, as with the helmets made in London, the French Model 1878 pattern was made of cork, likely supplied by Portugal, and produced in Metropolitan France. Throughout its Africa and Southeast Asia colonies the French military used helmets made of cork, and this remained the case until after the Second World War.

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Is the “Pith Helmet” a Sign of Colonialism as the Media Believes it to be?

While we typically write about the history, use and even the evolution of military sun helmets and other tropical headdress, I felt it necessary to address another aspect of sun/pith helmets. Recently, First Lady of the United States Melania Trump was called out for simply choosing to wear a pith helmet as a part of a “safari” inspired outfit.

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The German Schutztruppen Slouch Hat

While the sun/pith helmet remains the iconic headdress of the colonial empires established by the European powers in the second half of the 19th century it wasn’t the only headgear favored by those colonial forces. Indigenous colonial forces utilized a variety of headdress of course, while slouch hats were increasingly favored by various units beginning in the 1880s. One of the more notable variations was the German slouch hat, which largely used in German South West Africa. Continue reading

Force Publique Movie Prop Helmet

Sun/pith helmets in the movies have often been hit or miss – and in some cases have even caused some confusion regarding fact vs. fiction. Most notably are the helmets in the 1964 epic Zulu, which featured helmet plates on the front. Because of this movie many new collectors expect that helmet plates were generally worn in all stations abroad (The helmet plate was authorized only for the so-called Mediterranean stations).

However, the 2016 production The Legend of Tarzan offered rather surprisingly good depictions of the Belgian Congo’s Force Publique. While these are technically the “villains” in this overly PC movie, which is just the latest take on the “King of the Apes,” the uniforms and helmets are actually fairly accurate.

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British Desert Goggles: Khartoum to Tunis

Figure 1. Left, Sudan (1882-98); Centre, Mesopotamian (1914-18); Right, North African (1940-43

Here the term ‘Desert Goggles’ is taken as those goggles which seem to have been issued to British Empire Troops specifically for use in desert campaigns in the late 19th to mid 20th Century. These goggles differ from the more ubiquitous; dust; general purpose; transport; tank; dispatch rider; mountain and snow goggles issued from mid-WWI by most nations, in being campaign specific. The three main goggle types discussed here were used in the Sudan (1882-98); the Mesopotamian (1914-18) and the North African (1940-43) campaigns respectively.

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A Unique War Trophy

American GIs liked their war trophies, which is why there is such a military collectibles hobby in the United States today. Helmets seemed popular and while steel helmets captured (or liberated as the case may be) from German soldiers were certainly favored, so too were sun helmets.

Here is one of the rarest examples we’ve encountered. It is a first pattern German tropical helmet, of the type used by the Afrika Korps during its campaign in the desert. What makes it truly stand out is that the German shields have been removed and replaced by American collar insignia – and this might be the only example of this display of war booty that we’ve seen. Continue reading